Showing posts with label 04. Caveats and Grading. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 04. Caveats and Grading. Show all posts

Friday, November 23, 2012

Candidate Essay Questions for Midterm 2

Welcome back.  I hope you had a refreshing holiday break.  We are now starting the last push until finals.  And with that on Monday we'll do a bit more on the principal-agent model from M&R chapter 7 - the quadratic version of the model, and then we'll have our review session for the next midterm, which is Wednesday.  Below are the candidate essay questions for the exam.

A.  This question concerns procurement.  Discus why in government agencies procurement is subject to  regulation.  What is the regulation aimed at preventing?  What does it try to accomplish?  Explain why during the bidding process the lowest price bidder may not be selected, although the process is competitive.  Discuss the various goals the agency conducting the procurement may have going into the process.

B.  This question concerns conflict in organizations and, in particular, Model 1 and Model 2 of Schon and Argyris.  Explain how a manager can without intending to do so cause the staff under him to be angry with his management approach.  What is it that causes their anger?  What are the consequences for the unit when the manager behaves this way?  Explain the Schon and Argyris recommendation about how the manager might diffuse the tension.  Why does their recommendation have a chance to be effective?

C.  This question concerns an agent who while performing the same function serves two different principals.  What are some examples where this situation emerges?  What problems are created that don't exist in the case where there is a single principal?  Explain what "capture" means and how it arises in this context.  What might be done to discourage capture?

Friday, November 9, 2012

Grades Posted in Moodle

The Midterm 1 grades, Bonus, Blog Posts 1 grades, and comments are now uploaded into Moodle. (It's a day later than I promised.  Sorry about that. )

Let me make some observations about the blog posts, from the perspective of moral hazard, our next topic of study.  One type of moral hazard emerges by considering the difference between renters and owners, particularly in regard to the maintenance and depreciation of a capital asset.  Owners use of the asset is mindful of the impact use has on depreciation, so owners are typically gentle users of the asset. Renters, in contrast, are typically rough users since they have no concern for how the asset depreciates.  Similarly, owners perform all necessary maintenance and sometimes go well beyond that (tender loving care) while renters typically avoid the maintenance costs and pass those onto the absent owners.

These notions of ownership and renting transfer to individual behavior in organizations, where there is no tangible capital asset, only the value of organization membership, a non-tangible asset.  Sometimes we say a person "must take ownership" or "have skin in the game," which amounts to the same thing and means the behavior is driven by a strong sense of responsibility to the organization.  In contrast, a person who "dials it in" shows little apparent effort and in that sense is behaving like a renter.

How does ownership in the organization arise and what does it mean in practice to display ownership?  The latter has a particularly clear answer for group work that produces a document.  Each member plays a dual role, contributor of his or her section, and editor of the entire document.  It is via the editing function that ownership is displayed.  Note that editing is itself a negotiation between editor and author.  Friendly negotiation of this sort typically is in the form of the editor making comments and posing questions.  The author has ultimate say but  must address the questions and comments in a serious manner, in a way that is overt to the editor.

Because the topic was group work in one or two of the posts, the question arises whether students in our class have a sense of skin in the game in this context.  My take is that most do not.  The common practice is for a first draft to be produced quite near to when the final version is due.  Consequently, the editing function gets short shrift.

What about how this issue pertains to our class?  I am giving comments/questions to your posts like an editor would.  A few students have responded to these.  Most students have not.  In practice, having skin in the game is encouraged in a very soft way, making the organization feel like a community.  It is not typically incentivized by an explicit reward for the behavior.  The class is not yet a community.  Beyond the lack of response to my comments, student are not commenting on the posts by their classmates.

A more general observation about the posts is that most students are pretty good in relating what happened but are less good at explaining why it happened.  Each of you would benefit from giving more attention to the why questions in your posts.  You would get deeper into your topic that way.

Monday, October 22, 2012

Grades in Moodle, Grade Distribution, and PPT from today

For students who missed today's class session -

The graded exams were distributed to those students in attendance.  If you would like to pick up you exam, I will try hard to remember to bring them on Wednesday.  Thereafter it is hit or miss whether I have it when you next come.  You might want to email me ahead of time in that case so I remember to bring it.

For everyone -

I showed a grade distribution for the exam in class, but I'm not ready to distribute that freely.  Likewise, I've not yet uploaded the midterm scores into Moodle.  Some of that is to await the results from Class Direction survey.  (See the previous post. It is linked there.)  I will make these things available in Moodle by Wednesday evening.

But there is another reason.  One consequence of a tough exam, especially one that wasn't anticipated, is that some students will become discouraged.  I've experienced that sort of response in other classes I've taught, so here I'm trying to counter it as much as possible.  Some of the discussion in class today and the discussion we'll have on Wednesday is part of that counter strategy.  Ironically it ties in somewhat to the content of the class session on Monday, based on B&D Chapter 8.

The PowerPoint we reviewed is publicly available.  The first several slides talk about issues from the class' performance on the exam.  The rest is a review of the exam itself and what sort of responses I wish I had seen.  Note that it was constructed rather quickly and it wan't meant to be self-contained.  My narration rounded it out.  If you missed today but want to get a sense of that, I suggest you discuss with one of your classmates who did attend.

Monday, September 10, 2012

Good Content - Flat Class

The class really seemed to drag today and it was probably more me than you as the cause.  I started to get a sore throat later in the afternoon and have been a bit sleep deprived ahead of time because of my shoulder.  I hope the sore throat and sleeplessness will pass and that my energy level is higher on Wednesday.

This is the link to the Arthur Okun essay I mentioned.  On campus, it should just work, off campus you need to use VPN for access.  I think it is an excellent read and it might help you out now, although it dates from 1980.  Many of you are going on the job market in the not too distant future and you will start to ask yourself what it is that you want in the job, apart from the salary.  Thinking of the job as an implicit contract might help you to frame what you should be asking during the interviews (and what answers you should be providing to the recruiter's questions.)  It might also help you to reflect on whether you are ready to make a long term commitment to a job.  (Perhaps you aren't.  I definitely wasn't when I graduated, which was a big reason for going to grad school.)  In any event, I like that essay a lot, so perhaps you will like it too.

Let me switch gears and talk about technology.  One of the disadvantages with the approach I'm taking is that I don't have a campus Google account (they haven't given those to faculty yet) so I can't try things from the perspective of somebody who has one.  The prof.arvan account is a regular gmail account, not affiliated with the university.  If you use a private gmail I don't believe you should run into any technical problems.  (I do believe in Murphy's Law and The Jinx, so I probably shouldn't have written that prior sentence.)  I also believe in learning by doing and in passing along work-arounds to problems.  So if you have some technology glitch and solve it, please post about it, either on your own blog or as a comment here.  Think of doing so as providing a favor to me and your classmates.

Thursday, September 6, 2012

Blog Description

Some of you have already interacted with me on the issue of whether an outsider mistakenly assumes you are really pretending to be the famous economist you use in your alias.  This is unlikely, to be sure, but I am nonetheless concerned that it could happen.  So below is a further step I'd like you to take that will prevent this possibility.

Your blog has a place for putting in a description.  (See the image below).  I would like your description to say the following:

I am a student in Econ 490 blogging under an alias, using the name of a famous economist as part of my identifier.  I am doing this so that my true identity remains private while enabling me to make public posts for the class. 

The place for putting in the description can be found in the Basic item in your Blog Settings.  It comes next after Title.  Click the Edit link and enter your description.


Tuesday, September 4, 2012

Typos

Since I'm authoring much of this content and doing so "on the fly" don't be surprised if there are little errors.  I will not be offended if you point them out to me so that I can make a correction.

When I was a Freshman I took a course in probability from a world-famous probabilist - Gian Carlo Rota.  Our textbook, he said, had several typos.  (He was right about that.)  He said that was a good thing - to keep us on our toes.  Were I as good an economist as Rota was a mathematician, I'd claim to be putting in the typos deliberately, to keep you on your does.  But in this case the real explanation is that though I proofread what I provide to you, I do so timewise rather close to when I post it.  Invariably errors get through that way.